API 5LD Clad Pipe,Lined Pipe,Bimetallic Combined Pipe

Clad or Lined Steel Linepipe

D 100   General

101   The requirements below are applicable to linepipe consisting of a C-Mn steel backing material with a thinner internal CRA layer.

102   Linepipe is denoted 'clad' if the bond between the backing material and internal CRA layer is metallurgical, and 'lined' if the bond is mechanical.

103   The backing steel of lined pipe shall fulfil the requirements in Subsection B.

104   The manufacturing process for clad or lined linepipe shall be according to A303 to A305.

105   Cladding and liner materials shall be specified according to recognised standards. If a recognised standard is not available, a specification shall be prepared that defines chemical composition. If agreed corrosion testing and acceptance criteria shall be specified.

106   The cladding/liner material thickness shall not be less than 2.5 mm, unless otherwise agree

Sec.7 D
201   In addition to the designation of the backing material (see A303 to A305) clad/lined pipes shall be designated with:

—    C, for clad pipe, or
—    L, for lined pipe
—    UNS number for the cladding material or liner pipe.
Guidance note:
e.g. "DNV SAWL 415 D C - UNS XXXXX" designates a longitudinal submerged arc welded pipe, with SMYS 415 MPa, meeting the supplementary requirements for dimensions, clad with a UNS designated material.

D 300   Manufacturing Procedure Specification

MPS for clad linepipe

301   In addition to the applicable information given in A600, the MPS for clad linepipe shall as a minimum contain the following information (as applicable):

—    slab reheating temperature and initial rolling practice of cladding alloy and backing material prior to sandwich assembly
—    method used to assemble the sandwich or one-sided-open package, as applicable, prior to reheating and rolling
—    package (sandwich or one-side-open) reheating temperature, start and stop rolling temperatures, means of temperature and thickness control, start and stop temperatures for accelerated cooling (if applicable) and inspection
—    final plate heat treatment, e.g. quench and tempering (if applicable)
—    method used to cut and separate the metallurgically roll bonded plates after rolling (separation of the sandwich between the CRA layers
—    details regarding any CRA clad welding to pipe ends.

MPS for lined linepipe

302   In addition to the applicable information given in A600, the MPS for lined linepipe shall as a minimum contain the following information (as applicable):

—    details for fabrication of backing pipe and liner
—    quality control checks for the lining process
—    details of data to be recorded (e.g. expansion pressure/force, strain, deformation)
—    procedure for cut back prior to seal welding or cladding to attach liner to carrier pipe
—    seal welding procedures
—    details regarding any CRA clad welding to pipe ends.

303   The following additional essential variable applies to the qualification of the MPS for clad linepipe (see A609):

—    sequence of welding.

D 400   Manufacture

401   During all stages of manufacturing, contamination of CRA with carbon steel shall be avoided. Direct contact of the CRA layer with carbon steel handling equipment (e.g. hooks, belts, rolls, etc.) is prohibited. Direct contact may be allowed providing subsequent pickling is performed.

402   All work shall be undertaken in clean areas and controlled environment to avoid contamination and condensation.

403   In addition to the requirements stated in B300 and C300 (as applicable), the following shall apply:

Welding consumables

404   The welding consumables for seam welds and liner seal welds shall be selected taking into consideration the reduction of alloying elements by dilution of iron from the base material. The corrosion properties of the weld consumable shall be equal to or superior to the clad or liner material.

General requirements to manufacture of clad linepipe

405   The cladding alloy shall be produced from plate, and shall be supplied in a solution or soft annealed condition, as applicable.

406   The steel backing material and the cladding alloy shall be cleaned, dried and inspected to ensure that the level of humidity and particles between the respective plates are equal to or less than for the MPQT plates.

407   Unless otherwise agreed, the mating plate surfaces shall as a minimum be blast cleaned to a surface cleanliness of ISO 8501 Sa2.

408   A pre-clad rolling assembly procedure shall be part of the MPS. This procedure shall include details of all surface preparation to be performed just prior to the sandwich assembly (if applicable).

409   The sandwich or one-side-open packages, as applicable, shall be hot rolled in order to ensure metallurgical bonding between the base and the cladding material.

410   The package consisting of sandwich or one-side-open, shall be manufactured through a TMCP route, or receive a final heat treatment (e.g. quench and tempering).

Welding of clad linepipe

411   In addition to the applicable requirements given in B307 to B331, the following requirements shall apply for welding of clad linepipe:

—    the corrosion properties of the CRA weld consumable (e.g. root and hot pass) shall be equal or superior to the clad material
—    the longitudinal weld shall be back purged with welding grade inert gas and be free from high temperature oxides
—    tack welds shall be made using GTAW, GMAW, G-FCAW or SMAW using low hydrogen electrodes
—    weld seam tracking of continuous welding shall be automatically controlled.

General requirements to manufacture of clad linepipe

412   The liner pipe shall be manufactured according to API 5LC.

413   The internal surface of the C-Mn steel backing pipe shall be blast cleaned to a surface cleanliness of ISO 8501 Sa2 along the complete length of the pipe prior to fabrication of lined pipe. The external surface of the liner pipe shall be blast cleaned as specified above or pickled.

414   The liner pipe shall be inserted into the backing C-Mn steel pipe after both pipes have been carefully cleaned, dried and inspected to ensure that the level of humidity and particles in the annular space between these two pipes are equal to or less than for the MPQT pipes.

415   The humidity during assembly shall be less than 80%, and the carbon steel and CRA surfaces shall be maintained at least 5°C above the dewpoint temperature. Temperature and humidity shall continuously be measured and recorded.

416   After having lined up the two pipes, the liner shall be expanded by a suitable method to ensure adequate gripping. The carbon steel pipe shall not under any circumstances receive a sizing ratio, sr , exceeding 0.015 during the expansion process (See B332).

Welding of lined linepipe

417   The liner pipe shall be welded according to API 5LC.

418   Subsequent to expansion, the liner or backing pipe shall be machined at each end and further fixed to the backing pipe by a seal weld (clad or fillet weld, respectively) to ensure that no humidity can enter the annulus during storage, transportation and preparation for installation.

419   In addition to the applicable requirements given in B307 to B331, the following requirements shall apply for welding of lined linepipe:

—    the corrosion properties of the CRA weld consumable (e.g. fillet or clad weld) shall be equal or superior to the liner material
—    the weld shall be purged with welding grade inert gas and be free from high temperature oxides.

D 500   Acceptance criteria

Properties of the backing material

501   The backing material of the manufactured clad or lined linepipe shall comply with the requirements for C-Mn steel given in Subsection B. Sour service requirements according to I100 shall not apply to the backing material unless required according to I115.

502   The cladding/liner material shall be removed from the test pieces prior to mechanical testing of the backing material.

Hardness

503   The hardness of the base material, cladding material, HAZ, weld metal and the metallurgical bonded area shall meet the relevant requirements of this standard.

Bonding strength of clad linepipe

504   After bend testing in accordance with Appendix B A906 (see Table 7-14), there shall be no sign of cracking or separation on the edges of the specimens.

505   After longitudinal weld root bend testing in accordance with Appendix B A607 (see Table 7-15), the bend test specimen shall not show any open defects in any direction exceeding 3 mm. Minor ductile tears less than 6 mm, originating at the specimen edge may be disregarded if not associated with obvious defects.

506   The minimum shear strength shall be 140 MPa.

Properties of the CRA of clad and lined linepipe

507   The CRA material shall meet the requirements of the relevant reference standard, e.g. API 5LD.

Chemical composition of welds

508   The chemical composition of the longitudinal seam weld of clad pipes, pipe end clad welds, and the liner seal welds (if exposed to the pipe fluid), shall be analysed during MPQT. Unless otherwise agreed the composition of the deposited weld metal as analysed on the exposed surface shall meet the requirements of the base material specification.

Unless otherwise agreed the calculated PRE (see Table 7-10, note no. 2) for alloy 625 weld metal shall not be less than for the clad pipe base material or liner material.

Microstructure

509   The weld metal and the HAZ in the root area of the clad pipe seam welds, any pipe end clad welds and the seal welds of lined pipe shall be essentially free from grain boundary carbides, nitrides and intermetallic phases.

Gripping force of lined linepipe

510   Acceptance criteria for gripping force production testing shall be agreed based on project specific requirements (see Sec.6 B400) and/or test results obtained during MPQT.

Liner collapse

511   After the test for presence of moisture in the annulus between the liner and the backing material, the pipe shall be inspected and no ripples or buckles in the liner or carbon steel pipe shall be in evidence when viewed with the naked eye.

D 600   Inspection

601   Compliance with the requirements of the purchase order shall be checked by specific inspection in accordance with EN 10204. Records from the qualification of the MPS and other documentation shall be in accordance with the requirements in Sec.12.

Inspection frequency

602   The inspection frequency during production and MPQT shall be as given in Table 7-14 and Table 7-15, respectively.

603   For clad pipe, the number and orientation of the samples shall be as for SAWL pipe in Table 7-9

604   For lined pipe, the number and orientation of the samples for the backing steel shall be according to Table 7-9. Testing of the liner pipe shall be according to API 5LC.

Retesting

605   Requirements for retesting shall be according to B508 to B512.

Heat and product analysis

606   Heat and product analysis shall be performed in accordance with B500 and C500 for the backing steel and the CRA liner or cladding, respectively.

Mechanical testing

607   All mechanical testing of clad pipe and the backing steel of lined pipe shall be performed according to Appendix B. Mechanical testing of the liner pipe shall be according to API 5LC.

608   Hardness testing of welded linepipe shall be performed on a test piece comprising the full cross section of the weld. Indentations shall be made in the base material, cladding material and the metallurgical bonded area as detailed in Appendix B.

Corrosion testing

609   Unless otherwise agreed, corrosion testing of roll bonded clad pipes or any longitudinal weld seams is not required.

Metallurgical testing

610   Macro examination and metallographic examination shall be performed in accordance with Appendix B.

Liner collapse test

611   To check for the presence of moisture in the annulus between the liner and the backing material, one finished pipe or a section thereof (minimum length of 6 m) shall be heated to 200°C for 15 minutes and air cooled. This pipe shall be within the first 10 pipes produced.

Gripping force test

612   Gripping force of lined pipe shall be measured in accordance with API 5LD. Equivalent tests may be applied subject to agreement. Inspection frequency for production testing shall be agreed based on test results obtained during the MPQT (see D300).

Hydrostatic test (mill pressure test

613   Hydrostatic testing shall be performed in accordance with Subsection E.

Non-destructive testing

614   NDT, including visual inspection, shall be in accordance with Subsection F.

Dimensional testing

615   Dimensional testing shall be performed according to Subsection G.

Treatment of surface imperfections and defects

616   Surface imperfections and defects shall be treated according to Appendix D, H300.

Sec.7 D

Material Combinations

A large number of material combinations are possible for the composite Overlay/Clad materials, as listed below, produced either by weld overlay or from clad plates.

Base Material   Cladding Alloys Overlay Alloys Carbon Steel Hi Yield Grades Low Alloy Steels Chrome Moly Steels SS410 SS304L SS316L, 317L SS321, 347 S31803/2205(22% Cr Duplex) Alloy 825 Alloy 200 Alloy 400 Alloy 625 Alloy C276, C22, 59 ER410S, 430 ER308L, 309L ER309LMo, 316L, 317L ER309LCb, 347 ER904L Alloy 825 Alloy 200 Alloy 400 Alloy 625 Alloy C276, C22, 59, 686 Alloy 2000, B3, Ultimet Stellite, Ultimate, CrC

CRA LINED STEEL PIPE SIZE TABLE   Nominal O.D. Nominal W.T.(total thickness), mm Nominal W.T.(total thickness), mm Pipe length, m NPS inch mm 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 17 19 22 25 31 33 35 40 45 50 54 60 API 5LD DNV OS-F101 CJ/T192   4 4.500 114.3                                       2.5 2.5 1.2 8.0-12.5 5 5.563 141.3                                       6 6.625 168.3                                       8 8.625 219.1                                       10 10.750 273                                       12 12.750 273                                       14 14 355.6                                       1.5 16 16 406.4                                       18 18 457                                       1.8 20 20 508                                       22 22 559                                       2.0 24 24 610                                         Nominal W.T., mm 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 17 19 22 25 31 33 35 40 45 50 54 60 Cladding min. thickness, mm Remarks: 1) Special sizes may be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser; 2) The min. thickness of the cladding may be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

Pipes, Fittings, Flanges, Nozzles, Pressure Vessels, Heat Exchanger components are produced following the requirements of ASME/ ANSI/ ASTM/ API/ NACE and other specifications using established procedures for manufacture, with fabrication into pipe spools or pressure vessels performed per ASME/ANSI Code B31.1 and B31.3, ASME Section VIII, Division 1, customer drawings and specifications to provide a turnkey supply.